Gas Chromatography Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gas Chromatography - Term Paper Example It is also referred to as gas separator or aerograph. Gas chromatography is different from other forms of chromatography because the solutions are always in gas state as they travel through the column. Retention time occurs when different compounds separate in the column at different times. The gases have different eluting times due to the reactions between them and the column. The gases are now compared by their different retention times which give the gas chromatography the power to analyze the gases (Eli, pp. 217-220). Chromatography originated in 1903 by Mikhail Semenovich Tswett who was a Russian botanical scientist. He opened the way to gas chromatography. He used adsorbents like ethanol and calcium carbonate to elute carotenoids and chlorophylls this saw the use of the column chromatography. The foundation of the gas chromatography was later laid by the Nobel Prize winner John Porter Martin. In 1941, he used the liquid to liquid method and in 1944, paper chromatography which brought about gas chromatography. It later led to the formation of liquid-gas chromatography in 1950. This has led to the modern gas chromatography technique which is being used today as an important analytical technique in chemistry (Colin, pp. 161-165). The description of chemistry, physics and biology behind the gas chromatography technique can be explained ... This means it uses the inert gases like carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen and argon. For one to choose the carrier gas, he or she needs to identify the type of detector to be used. It has a molecular sieve that sieves out impurities and water (Casimir, pp. 139-142). The injector port is a column in which the samples are passed in the instrument. The samples are not supposed to be very large and they are to be introduced in the column as in the state of vapor. Large sample injections can cause the band to broaden thus lose resolution. The most accurate and common method used is that of injecting samples via a rubber septum using the micro syringe. The injector is characterized by a heated chamber which has a glass liner where the sample is passed through the septum. When the injector is using the splitter mode, the carrier gas normally enters the chamber and leaves it by three outlets. Then the sample becomes vapor which leads to the formation of the mixture of carrier gas, vaporized solutes and solvents. A small amount of the mixture goes to the column leaving most of it to exit via the split outlets. Components can not enter the column due to the septum purge outlet in the instrument (Sawhney, pp.211-215). The column is divided in to two sections; capillary and packed. The capillary is further divided in to two whereby there is the support or wall coated open tubular (WCOT, SCOT). The wall coated has a liquid coated stationary phase while the support coated one has thin layer of a supportive material that absorbs the stationary phase. The most efficient type of capillary is the wall-coated capillary. The fused silica open tubular column is considered to be the best as it is a type of the WCOT.

The Tensions of the Old and New During the 1920s Essay Example for Free

The Tensions of the Old and New During the 1920s Essay After witnessing the devastating, yet human-induced tragedies of World War I, the psyche of America was never the same. They abandoned their fundamental beliefs that the Western Civilization was not a model, but flawed society and turned their attention towards internal affairs, signaling the beginning of American isolationism. As William Allen White put it, Americans were â€Å"tired of issues, sick at heart of ideals, and weary of being noble. † The Roaring Twenties reflected this rejection of tradition ideals as consumerism and sexual revolution swept the nation. In the 1920s, the boom in technology, coupled with cultural and social developments led to tensions between the old and new. The manifestation of these conflicting ideals was a focal point of the Election of 1920 and Scopes Monkey Trial. The reform movements and Woodrow Wilson’s staunch moral legislation preceding the 1920s were a source of exhaustion for the American public. The American public was disillusioned with the failed League of Nations, and quickly embraced the Election of 1920 as what the victorious Warren G. Harding put it, â€Å"the return to normalcy. † â€Å"The return to normalcy† was essentially calling for the return to the older and simpler times in America, which also condoned American isolationism. Warren G. Harding and his successor, Calvin Coolidge’s presidencies embodied the return to a laissez faire economy with their pro-business stance. The Fordney-McCumber Tariff of 1922 and Smoot-Hawley Tariff protected American companies to foreign companies. Treasury Secretary, Andrew Mellon was also successful in lowering income taxes for the wealthy. Their disdain for liberalism was apparent with their lackluster reform legislations passed in office, but they left office with high approval ratings as a result of that staunch conservatism. The reemergence of the Ku Klux Klan nativism was another key topic of these administrations with the passing of the American Immigration Act of 1924 and the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923 which placed severe quotas on the number of immigrants from these countries. Appointing the Nativism and conservative judges like Webster Thayer to the trials of Sacco and Vanzetti demonstrated that their subsequent executions were not the result out of justice, but of the sour public opinion against immigration. The reemergence of Nativism, spearheaded by Ku Klux Klan (Document D) served to reestablish and enforce tradition and morality in society. They used tactics of violence to preserve Protestant principles and decency, as a method to â€Å"return of power into the ands of the everyday†¦. average citizen of the old stock. † Their fight however was not just limited to Southern Hicks, but Northerners, and Midwesterners like Indianans who comprised of half the Klan membership during the decade. Their slogan, â€Å"100% Americanism† echoed through all the regions of the nation, where they targeted Jews, Catholics, and anyone that posed a threat to their middle-class protestant. Their religious conservatism was prominently voiced during the Scopes Monkey Trial in Dayton, TN (Document C) where the clash between fundamentalism and evolution reached a culmination with the whirlwind trial of hot shot Chicago lawyer, Clarence Darrow versus 4 time presidential nominee, William Jennings Bryan. Clarence Darrow‘s loss in the courtroom was viewed as a triumph for liberals. Women, one of the most deprecated groups in society countered against the confinements and expectations of society. With the passage of the nineteenth amendment and the availability of jobs in the city, women were in some aspects, free from the constraints that plagued the previous generations of women. Flappers, embodied by the carefree, smoking, and sexually charged female outraged the previous generations with their overt rejection of the Victorian ideals of a lady. The new women had the highest divorce rates than their predecessors as well (Document H). Margaret Sanger’s invention of birth control and the open discussions of sexuality contributed to the change in women roles. Although most women still clung to their gender norms, the sexual and gender revolution of this time period would serve as the foundation of the feminism movement of the 60s. The boom in consumer technology and inventions spurred mass consumerism and decadence within the American public. Mass production made goods cheap and readily available to the mass market, and almost every household owned a Ford Model T by the end of the decade. The desire to keep up with the Joneses became a measure of one’s social standing and identity. Sinclair Lewis’s Babbitt satirized the conformist and shallow existence of the average American household. Writers of the Lost Generation expressed their contempt for America’s growing consumerism by becoming expatriates and publishing literary masterpieces exposing the folly of conspicuous consumption. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby showcased the tragic ending of the title character due to his infatuation with material gains. The cartoon, â€Å"If Grandpap Could Only Return with some of his discipline,† illustrates the current, undisciplined generation being spanked by the frugal forefathers for their lack of appreciation and materialism for all the new technological advances. It served as a plead for morality as the older generations warned the current generation that excess will get them in moral and economic trouble since the introduction of credit and installment plans. Instead of following Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Compromise and waiting to assimilate and be accepted into White Society, the Garvey Movement completely rejected it and called for the establishment of a black nation, which wasn’t successful, but still had a lasting impact on the black community. Racial tensions were brought to the surface with the influx of arts and literature of the Harlem Renaissance, where writers proclaimed and expressed their frustrations at white society. Langston Hughes and other famous African American authors created a black culture that proudly declared in their own superiority. Langston wrote, â€Å"Why should I want to be white? I am Negro-and beautiful† (Document E). Although White Society did not accept them as they had hoped, the artistic and cultural impact of the movement would serve as the basis of the Civil Rights movement several decades later. The 1920s were a time of great social, technological, and cultural changes. Set against the backdrop of staunch American conservatism, these changes were inevitably bound to clash. The manifestations of old and new tensions were highlighted in two defining legal battles, the Scopes Monkey trial and Sacco and Vanzetti. Although this period of upheaval did not impose significant changes on the minorities and outsiders of American society, it did provide the principle components of the equal rights movements for these largely ignored members of society,

B2B v. B2C Supply Chains Essay example -- Compare Contrast Business Co

B2B v. B2C Supply Chains Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the age of technology business has come a long way and evolved tremendously. It used to be that brick and mortar was the only way to open and run a business. However, the internet has changed all of that now businesses can use technology to reach customers and other businesses all over the world. This has caused a great surge in the world wide economy. In 2003 Business to Business (B2B) commerce tipped the scales at $1.41 Trillion. This is in comparison to Business to Consumer (B2C) that was $90.1 Billion (Naraine, R.2003). All of these purchases need to get transported and that is where businesses supply chains come in play. Contrary to popular belief the supply chains of B2B and B2C are not the same both have unique qualities. This paper will define the term supply chain. Then it will define the terms B2B and B2C. Finally, it will explain how the supply chain differs on a B2C site compared to a B2B site and provide examples. Supply Chain   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to learnthat.com a supply chain is the series of channels a product takes from its initial production to reach it’s finally destination (Learn That, 2004). A typical example of this chain of events that occurs in everyday life would be when a guest walks into a Target Store and purchases a X Box Game. The supply chain begins with the guest and the need for the game. Then it continues to the brick and mortar store. This Target store receives its product from the Target Distribution Center. The Target Distribution center receives the product from the manufacturer. Finally, the manufacturer receives the raw products from several other suppliers. This basic supply chain is liquid and continuously goes back and forth. B2B   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When people hear B2B or business to business they might recall the classic image of an old style ice salesman traveling from business to business delivering ice in order for them to keep their merchandise cold. Fast forward 60 years and now B2B eCommerce occurs when companies are buying from and selling to one and other online. B2B eCommerce has evolved past just basic purchasing. It now encompasses supply chain management as more organizations continue to outsource parts of their supply chain to their trading partners (Varon, E., 2001). B2C   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B2C is pretty straight forward with the title business to consumer, it conjur... ... scale b2b versus the smaller and ever longer b2c. These both are still extremely successful in creating a more global economy and with improvements should provide continuing success. References Naraine,R., 2003, B2C Goes From Rags to Riches, retrieved from the World Wide Web on: http://www.internetnews.com/stats/article.php/2196821 Global Market, 2004, B2B Market Trends, retrieved from the World Wide Web on: http://www.ewowfacts.com/pdfs/chap04/33.pdf Learn That, 2004, Definition of Supply Chain, retrieved from the World Wide Web on: http://www.learnthat.com/define/view.asp?id=339 Varon, E., August 2001, The ABCs of B2B, retrieved from the World Wide Web on: http://www.cio.com/ec/edit/b2babc.html Patton,S., August, 2001, The ABC’s of B2C, retrieved from the World Wide Web on:http://www.cio.com/ec/edit/b2cabc.html Marketing Profs, 2005, What differentiates B2C supply chain from B2B? retrieved from the World Wide Web on: http://www.marketingprofs.com/ea/qst_question.asp?qstID=7770 CIO Decisions, 2005, Executive Guide B2B Integration, retrieved from the World Wide Web on: http://searchcio.techtarget.com/generic/0,295582,sid19_gci1067719,00.html?bucket=REF

Argumentative Essay Oppose Death Penalty

Argumentative essay Death penalty The issue of whether death penalty should be abolished or not has been widely debated for years and there are a lot of different views. It is an important issue since it concerns one of the most fundamental human rights, which is the right to live. Death is wrong when a single person commits the murder, but when the decision if a person should be killed or not is made by the society as a unit, the act is apparently justified. This essay deals with the contradiction in the arguments being given as a support to the death penalty.It will also put forward reason for why this cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment should be abolished. The death penalty is practiced in many parts of the world today. Amnesty International, the leading human rights non-governmental organisation, have been working to abolish the death penalty for over the past 20 years. But 58 countries maintain the death penalty in both law and practice, and thousands of people is executed annually in cold-blooded ways like stoning, death by deadly injection, hanging and the electric chair.These actions are being approved without any legitimate basis. First of all, the death penalty is a violation of two fundamental human rights, as laid down in Articles 3 and 5 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights: â€Å"The right to life† and â€Å"The right not to be tortured or subject to any cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment†. Fact is, the most successful form of torture is reportedly the threat of execution. From the moment you are put in death row and the minute up to the execution is one of the most agonizing form of psychological exploitation.No man or woman should endure this kind of torment, no matter what crime they have committed. Human rights are for everyone, always, and can never be forfeited. No exceptions. Furthermore, there is a risk that it can be inflicted on the innocent, and an execution is final and a life cannot be taken back. Secondly, an execution cannot work as any form of satisfaction for the victim’s family since an execution will not restore anyone’s life and the crime that first was committed by the perpetrator cannot be undone.As a matter a fact, many whose relatives or friends have been murdered, have distanced themselves from the death penalty. In addition, an execution causes a lot of grief and pain for the family of the executed, while imprisonment is giving them the opportunity to stay in contact with the confined. Thirdly, the death penalty is not a contribution to a safer society. Numerous of studies have shown that there is no scientific evidence saying that executions have a greater effect than lifetime prison when it comes to a decrease of serious violent crimes.Some research actually shows that the number of serious violent crimes is increasing directly after an execution. Furthermore, those who commit for an example premeditated murder do not think they will get busted, so it is mo re likely that the deterrent effect would be greater if the probability of getting arrested was higher. Obviously, the death penalty prevents the criminal from committing more crimes. But on the other hand, you can never be sure that the criminal would have repeated the crime if he or she is not allowed to live.Some studies actually show that murderers, as a group, are the least likely to relapse into crime after being released. In conclusion, the death penalty should be abolished. It is one of the cruellest treatments, which no man or women deserves to experience, whatever crime has been committed. Moreover, the executed could have been innocent, and an execution is final and cannot be taken back. In addition, death penalty is not a contribution to a safer society. For the reasons given, noting good can come from an execution and therefore should the death penalty with no doubt be abolished.

Develop a business plan including financial planning

Develop a business plan including financial planning and marketing BY Ere-NY I am a fully qualified Offset Registered Children. Challenging takes place on the ground floor of my house In big and spacious room fully equipped and caters for all age groups from 0-8 years. Professional Qualifications and Experience I have previous experience in working full time as a children assistant, therefore I am updated with all the E. Y. F. S. Stages of development and will give you a daily profile of your child and reviews with a more detailed profile of your child's work.I am articulacy interested in role-play for children, mime and story telling. I also use a lot of nursery rhymes, singing and poems with children. Languages I am Italian, which I can teach if parents are interested using flash cards, games, and music. I also have a basic understanding of Spanish and French however my assistants are also bal-lingual in Spanish and Turkish. Food and Allergies All possible precautions will be taken to avoid the most common allergies such as nuts, eggs and berries. Wheat allergy can be taken Into account and discussed. All the food I give Is vegetarian and organic.This Includes milk (formulas are usually supplied by the parent). Food is given every hour to an hour and a half throughout the day. Alternatively you can bring your own which will be given at similar timings. A menu for the week is given at the beginning of the week. All meals include fruit or yogurt or fruit puree and fresh fruit is given at least twice a day and up to four or five kinds of fruit often. This is naturally seasonal. Assistants I have two fully Offset registered assistants, both working 20 hours per week on a Rota basis also depending on how many children we have to care at the same time ND they work from 8. 0 to 5. 00 and occasionally longer and one as standby to work odd hours/half or full days If the other one Is Ill or absent for any reason. Activities Each child under my care Is precious and uniq ue. Deferent activities are laid out to slut different needs and reading. Quiet but mentally stimulating activities are encouraged such as puzzles, drawing and other art and craft simple activities such as fuzzy-felt or construction toys such as leg/duple/sticklebacks. Play: Children have a structured day with age related toys, which are regularly washed and checked Children over the age of two will take a part in cooking – Artwork for children of all ages – Sure Start Children's Centre – Libraries -Outings to parks A list of what toys are displayed for the children Is made on a weekly basis. This then helps parents Identify what toys children are playing with, dally. Children can also access toys from shelves bookcases, and drawers that are mostly at their level even for children of nine or ten months. Equipment Is changed regularly to slut the needs of the children.School runs are also considered, if you would like to know more My house has a lovely big garden with all the outdoor toys and activities. The children, especially in the spring are stimulated to do outdoor activities such us planting strawberry and see it grow. Children's Centre is usually visited on a regular basis. Other days of the week parks, Wood Green library, toy libraries and places of interest are visited which include cultural and festive places such as a visit to see Father Christmas. Outings lists are made for the whole week. I do not charge for outings that are less than E.This means that within this time an eight-hour day is EYE. O. However I do work longer than those hours if required from 6. 30 am to 7. Pm. Longer hours than this may be considered. All rates other than the standard times will be extra and can be discussed. I also work in the evenings and rates will vary accordingly. Babysitting pm onwards which can be discussed I. E. Your house or my house. Overnight care is registered by Offset as can be seen my registration certificate. Reviews and parties. I have regular reviews and parties for parents. Sometimes reviews are Joint as some things may apply to several parents.Parties are a way of both parents and children socializing and children seeing how we all interact with each other. Location Wood Green, Perth Road NON, about 3 min by bus from Wood Green underground. Parking is freer before am and after pm however if you require to stay long time for a review I can provide you with visitors' parking permit. Comprehensive list of rates for other timings is available, please ask if interested Please book a time to come and visit any weekday, preferably not between 12 and 2. 00 as children are having their lunch and getting ready to sleep. Late afternoon after pm up to pm is preferable.

Unit 3 IP Pre Submit Essay

Unit 3 IP Pre Submit Essay Unit 3 IP Pre Submit Essay Unit 3 IP. In a criminal trial based on the rights outlined within the Bill of Rights an appeal can be made after a ruling has been handed down by the judge. This appeal is done as a result of the defendant and his representative having the view point that justice was not served or some aspect of his or her rights have been violated or that there were some errors in the carrying out of their due process as it relates to the first 10 amendments of the U.S. Constitution, the Bill of Rights. Another basis for appeal would be the omission of nay portion of due process. Once again, the defendant will need to point out and prove that due process has been denied, omitted or encroached on which would result in an infringement of the right encapsulated in the 14th amendment, the due process clause. The verdict handed down to a defendant in a state trial can be appealed and subsequent to due process of the initial appeal and verdict or judgment is delivered, the defendant still has another opportunity to appeal the second decision given by the appellate court as a last resort. The initial appeal is usually submitted to the Intermediate Court of Appeals which are found in 39 of the United States of America. In the state of Florida, there are 5 Intermediate Courts of Appeals which are also called District Courts of Appeals (DCA). As we may know, these courts’ function as a fine-toothed comb, ensuring that every aspect of the law as consistent with the constitution has been duly observed in relation to a defendant’s rights and liberties outlined in the Bill of Rights. Depending on the jurisdiction of the lower court the relative district court will then be selected for any course of appeals. In Florida, the courts of appeal are located in Tallahassee, Lakeland, Miami, West Palm Beach and Daytona Beach respectively. Although there is a possibility for an appeal to the Florida Supreme Court, then the U.S. Supreme Court as a final resort as it relates to litigated case s, it is a general rule that the decisions of the DCA represents the final appellate review. Most cases submitted for appeal to the Florida Supreme Court or the U.S. Supreme Court that has already received ruling from the DCA is essentially denied. (Ref 1: www.flcourts.org) In the state of Florida, due to the size of the state, most of the cases submitted for appeal are never handled by the Florida Supreme Court or the U.S. Supreme court as the DCA have been empowered to function as the supreme courts would. The same processes employed to select Supreme Court Justices are used when selecting District Court Justices thus affording the Justices of the DCA the same authority as those in the Supreme Court. This step taken to

Interesting Islamic Incidents Essay Example

Interesting Islamic Incidents Essay Example Interesting Islamic Incidents Essay Interesting Islamic Incidents Essay Essay Topic: Interesting The White Hand Besides The Staph, Hazrat Musa (A. s) was also Blessed Wit The White Hand. In the Pharoahs Court, Whenever He Used To put his hand inside His Collar, It came Out As White As Snow. On repeating The Procedure Again, It Returned Back To its original state and color. (Ref: Para 12, Surah TaHa, Verse 22. 23) The Story Of Gog And Magog (Yajuuj Majuuj) Zulqarnain:- Zulqarnain Is also known As iskandar or Alexander in History of the world. He was one of the four lucky ones whom Allah had granted the the Conquest of the entire world, but the fifth conquerer is yet to come. He was The Cousin of Hazrat Khizer (A. s). Both of these gentlemen travelled towards the West to Find The Water Of Immoratality or Aab-E-Hayat. Hazrat Khizer (A. s) was successful but somehow Zulqarnain was unable to drink it. The Three Voyages:- Anyhow he travelled further West, passing by various human settlements and finally came to a place where he found, at Sunset time, the Sun setting into A black body of water. Here lived a Group of Innumerable, Primitive and a Sort of Militant type Humans known as Nasik. They were dressed in Animal skins and only ate Dead Meat and Fishes From the Sea. A part of this tribe was killed by Zulqarnains army and a part of them who were blessed with the True Faith, were treated most kindly. Then Zulqarnain travelled towards the East and when he got to the farthest point from where the sun seemed to Rise, he discovered another tribe of Men known as Munsik. This tribe used to sleep during the day and after the sunset they used to wander out for food. The Same Treatment was adopted in this case as the one in the case of Nasik stated above. Then He Travelled towards the north. In a valley between two mountains was another tribe which spoke an utterly strange language. Communicating with them Using Notations and gestures was quite difficult. The tribesmen Informed Zulqarnain About the attrocities of Gog And Magog Yajuj Majuj and requested for his immediate help. Gog and Magog:- These Tribesmen are the Descendants of Yaafis Bin Nooh (A. s). Very Cruel, Militant, Brave and pitiless in nature. They Used to Come out of their Caves during Summer, Eating almost everything they laid their hands upon; Farms, trees, Animals big and small, even Snakes, Scorpions and Comaliens. During the winter they used to Live upon dried fruits and items. Zulqarnain was offered Monetarily but he refused Saying that Allah Almighty has granted him with everything, instead he demanded That the Tribesmen Of the valley should come and join their army, thus providing Physical support. His Army Built A Deep Foundation around the territory of Gog And Magog. It was so deep that water sprang out of the Ground. Then he Fixed Stones Inside it using Molten Bronze. Plates of Iron Were Inserted along with firewood and coal. Then it was set on fire till the blazes reached Mountain tops. Finally Bronze was again added to make the wall strong and indestructable. This Wall is The Only way that Separates Gog and Magog From the world. The Great Escape:- According to Prophet Muhammad Saww, The Gog And Magog try to break the wall everyday but When they Reach the Final point, Someone Says We will break it open Tommorow. By the Grace of the Almighty, when they arrive the next day, the wall returns to the original thickness. Just before Doomsday. one of those Tribesman would quote the same statement as InshaAllah We will break it open Tommorow. And thus they will spur out causing chaos and destruction all over the world except Makkah, Medina, and Jerusalem. The end of this tribe will owe to a Dua By Hazrat Isa (A. s), which will cause an worm producing infection in their necks and finally killing them (Ref: para 16, Al-Kahaf, Verse 86-98) The Conquest of the World Allah Almighty Has Granted Four Men in The History With The Conquest Over the entire World. Two Infidels Bakht Nasar And Namruud and Two Momineen Hazrat Sulaiman (A. s) and Zulqarnain ( also known as Iskandar or Alexander). The Fifth Person is Yet to Come i. e Hazrat Imam Mehdi (A. s) i) Bakht Nasar was a Ruler Who Killed, Captured And Deported Thousands Of Bani Israelis From Jerusalem and destroyed the City Of Jerusalem as well. ii) Namrud was the most wealthy person in the world who was buried in the sand along with his treaure During The time of Hazrat Musa (A. ) iii) Hazrat Sulaiman (A. s) was the Prophet of Allah who was Blessed with the Command Over All Animals, Jins and Nature itself. iv) Zulqarnain is the one who is known to Confine Gog And Magog by building a strong Fortification around them. v) Imam Mehdi (A. s) is the one Who will Come Before Doomsday and will fight the army of infidels And establish An Islamic Empire all over the World The Sneeze When Allah Almighty creat ed the Body of Adam (A. s) and placed it on the Arsh, All the angels used to be amazed and afraid of it as They had never seen any creature like this one. At that time, the Almighty Placed Adam (A. s)s Soul inside his body. When the soul reached Adam (A. s)s Nostrils, he Sneezed. When The soul reached his mouth, he said Alhamdulillah. On this The Almighty Allah Said Yar hama kullah. Thus it is The Sunnah of Adam (A. s) to Say Alhamdulillah After A sneeze, and It is the Sunnah Of Allah Almighty to Say Yar hama Kullah when you hear Someone Saying Alhamdulillah. Allhamdulillah means tamam taarefain Allah k lie hen OR All the Praises Are For Allah Yar Hama kullah means Allah tum per Rehm Kre OR May Allah have mercy upon you

How to Cram for the ACT 10-Day, 4-Point Prep Plan

How to Cram for the ACT 10-Day, 4-Point Prep Plan SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’ve found this article, I assume it’s crunch time, and your ACT test date is in the next couple weeks. If you do not fall into this category (you have a bit of time- one month or more- before your test date), you can still read this guide for some study strategies, but I recommend you take advantage of all the time you have by spreading your ACT preparation out. Don'twaituntil the last 10 days to cram. Thoughquality matters in your ACT prep, quantity is also important: you have to invest a lot of time if you want to see big improvements. You can make a lot of progress in 10 days, butyou need to dedicate the necessary time to improve your ACT score.In this guide, I’ll walk you through the steps to raiseyour score by up to four points in just 10 days. WARNING:Don't use this rushed studyprogramunless absolutely necessary. If you have time to take the ACT again,doquick basic preparation for this test date and then follow a more extensive study program for the next test date. Consider trying PrepScholar or another ACT preparation program before your next ACTtest date. This guide on how to cram for the ACT outlines a very challengingplan that requires a lot ofdedication to work. You'll have to be seriously committedto see major improvements. All that being said, if you do decide to follow this plan, I've outlined two preliminary steps below, followed by the ACTcram plan itself. Get Your ACT Practice Materials Make sure to order a copy of The Official ACT Prep Guide, also known as the Red Book. It’s relatively inexpensive (around $20) and vital to your preparation. You should probably get it overnight shipped to you. The book has three real ACT tests for your practice. If you can’t afford the book (and even if you can), then you should print yourself copies of these free ACT PDFs. I’ll tell you how and whento use them below. Create an ACT Study Schedule Make a strict study schedule and don’t stray from it. You only have 10 days to jump four points, so 30 minutes per day of preparation is not going to be enough. At PrepScholar, we recommend fitting in about 40-80 hours of ACT preparation for a four-point score improvement. You need to fit that study schedule into 10 days. While completing 80 hours of preparation in 10 days will be basically impossible (even more so if school’s in session), you also won’t need 80 hours of studying since, in this shortened time frame, you’ll have the advantage of not forgetting any test technique. I’ve created a sample ACT study schedule below that fits in about 60 hours of prep into the 10 days before the test. Day # of Hours to Study Wednesday 5.5 Thursday 5 Friday 5 Saturday 10 Sunday 10 Monday 5 Tuesday 5 Wednesday 5 Thursday 5 Friday 5 Saturday 0- Take the Test! If you’re doing this ACT cram plan during summer break, great! You’ll have tons of time to dedicate to this schedule. If you’re attempting this schedule during the school year, you’ll need to put your ACT preparation before all else. Remember, it’s only 10 days! I’ve outlined the ACT study plan for each day below. 10-Day ACT Study Plan Before you dive into the waters of ACT cramming, look over each day of this plan to make sure you have all the materials you'll need handy for each day. There's nothing worse than sitting down for an intense study section only to realize you needed to print something out and you're out of paper. Note: This study plan is designed for students who are taking the Saturday ACT. If you're taking the ACT on Sunday or during the week, you may have to adjust some of the timing a little bit so that the 10-hour study days fall on weekends and not weekdays. Day 1: Wednesday- 5.5-6 Hours Learning Objectives: Get familiar with the test format, pick an ACT target score, and take a practice test. Get Familiar With the ACT Format- 20-30 Minutes If you’re familiar with the test format, you’ll have a huge advantage over other test-takers. Read these guides for an overview of ACT format: What is the ACT? A Complete Explanation of the Test What Is the ACT Out Of? How Do You Calculate ACT Score? Raw and Scaled ACT Rules and Regulations: What You HAVE to Know You should read these guides so that you’ll know what’s tested on each section of the test and how your final score is calculated. Both of which are important to know so you understand ACT strategy. Pick Your ACT Target Score- 30 Minutes If you don’t already have an ACT target score, you need to pick one. I won’t go into depth about this process here because we’ve already got another great article on determining the right target score for your dream school. However, the brief summary of how to choose a target score is to aim for a number at or above the 75th percentile score for admitted students at your target college. Why pick a target score? Picking a specific score will help you stay motivated during your ACT cram session. Write down your target score somewhere you’ll see it every day (like on your desk), and tell your parents the number. Seeing it every day and telling other people your target score will make you more motivated to reach it. Take a Practice Test- 3 Hours and 35 Minutes If your copy of The Official Prep Guide hasn’t arrived, you can take a practice test using these free ACT PDFs.Read the rules on how to get the most realistic practice test experience before getting started. You want realistic practice so that you’re prepared for what the conditions will be the day of the test. You don’t want to be surprised the day of the test. Review and Analyze Your Practice Test- 1 Hour When you’re done, review your practice test following the steps outlined in our other guide and review your essay using the ACT Writing rubric. NOTE: I’m having you take and review your ACT Essay for this first practice test. After this test, if you scored an 8 or better, I’d encourage you notto waste your time with any more practice essays. Your ACT Essay is not factored into your overall composite score. Your composite score is what colleges typically look at on your application. Since the ACT Essay does not affect this score, it’s a waste of your limited time to keep practicing it. However, if you’re not getting your score up to 8 or above, you may want to keep practicing it. While it doesn’t affect your composite, a very low essay score (at or below 4 or 5) may worry admissions officers that your writing skills aren’t up to their standards. Once you’ve completed your basic review, analyze your results: Which section was your weakest? Why was it your weakest? Were your issues mainly not understanding the content or did you make more careless errors? Did younot understand the questions? Did you run out of time? If you can’t easily determine which is your weakest section (if your four section scores- English, Reading, Math, and Science- were all similar), try to pick the section in which you answered the most questions incorrectly because you didn’t understand the information necessary to answer the question (e.g. youdidn’t know the formula you needed for a Math question). I suggest this method to determine which is your weakest section because information issues are impossible to fix without studying. However, they’re also the easiest kind of problem to fix because all you need to do is learn the necessary material. Determining your weakest section is important because it tells you what to prioritize in your prep. Don’t worry: you’ll still learn the techniques/strategies for the other sections, but you’ll start with your weakest section. Day 2: Thursday- 5 Hours Learning Objectives: Learn the strategies for your weakest section and apply them to a practice test. Now that you’ve determined which section is your weakest, you’ll learn the strategies for that section and practice applying them. NOTE: I’m providing links to all of the guides you should read to help with strategy and content knowledge for your weakest section. It’s a lot of material, so try to prioritize the topics within each section that you need the most help in. If there's a topic you aren't missing any questions on, don'tworry aboutreading that guide. For instance, if youaren't missing any inferencequestions, you should notread theinference questionguide. Prioritize the guides: start with the overall strategies, then check out guides on your weakest content areas (forinstance, if you got all of the slopequestions wrong in the Math section, start by reading the guide to slopes). Try to read the guides for all of the topics within each section if you have time. If you don’t have time to read it all in these two hours, don’t worry, simply bookmark the articles you didn’t get to read. I set aside time another day in the schedule to review the rest of the articles. Learn the Strategies- 3 Hours NOTE: The Ultimate Guide articles below reference other articles you should be reading. You should read every article mentioned within each Ultimate Guide. However, I've also highlighteda few key articles that youcannot miss. Reading The Ultimate Prep Guide to ACT Reading: Strategies, Tips, and Practice ACT Reading: The #1 Critical, Fundamental Rule The Best Way To Approach The Passage On ACT Reading Stop Running Out Of Time On ACT Reading 4 Top ACT Reading Strategies English The Ultimate Study Guide for ACT English: Tips, Rules, Practice, and Strategies The Top 9 ACT English Strategies You Must Use ACT English Prep: The Best Methods and Strategies The 8 ACT English Tips You Must Use in Your Prep Full Analysis of ACT Grammar Rules: Which are most important? Math Overall Strategy How to Actually Use Your ACT Math Formulas The 31 Critical ACT Math Formulas You MUST Know Plugging in Numbers: A Critical SAT/ACT Math Strategy Plugging in Answers: A Critical SAT Math/ACT Math Strategy Pre-Algebra/Elementary Algebra Complete Guide to Integers on ACT Math (Advanced) The Basic Guide to Integers on ACT Math Complete Guide to Fractions and Ratios in ACT Math Single Variable Equations in Algebra: ACT Math Strategies Probability Questions on ACT Math: Strategies and Practice Statistics on ACT Math: Strategies for Mean, Medium, Mode Intermediate Algebra/Coordinate Geometry Algebra Functions on ACT Math: Lesson and Practice Questions Lines and Slopes: ACT Math Geometry Review and Practice Systems of Equations on ACT Math: Algebra Strategies and Practice Problems Sequences on ACT Math: Strategy Guide and Review Algebraic Operations on ACT Math: Strategies and Formulas Plane Geometry/Trigonometry Triangles on ACT Math: Geometry Guide and Practice Problems Circles on ACT Math: Geometry Formulas and Strategies Lines and Angles in ACT Math: Review and Practice Reflections, Rotations, and Translations: ACT Geometry Strategies and Practice Polygons on ACT Math: Geometry Formulas and Strategies Solid Geometry on ACT Math: The Complete Guide Science The Ultimate Study Guide for ACT Science: Tips, Practice, and Strategies The Best Strategies for Reading ACT Science Passages The Only Actual Science You Have to Know for ACT Science Time Management Tips and Section Strategy on ACT Science The 9 Reasons You Miss ACT Science Questions Essay How To Attack ACT Essay Prompts and Raise Your Score ACT Writing Rubric: Full Analysis and Essay Strategies Take and Review a Practice Section- 2 Hours Whichever your weakest section, sit for a 35 to 60-minute practice section (varies by section). You can either print out one of the sections from these free ACT PDFs or use the Official ACT Test #1 if the book has arrived. After you’ve taken the section, review usingthe steps outlined in our other guide that you used for your first practice test.See what areas you’ve improved in and what still needs work. Day 3: Friday- 5 Hours Learning Objectives: Learn the strategies for another section and try to apply them to a practice test. Learn More Section Strategy- 3 Hours Pick between your other three sections (English, Math, Reading, or Science) and read all of the articles listed above for that section. If you’re doing extremely well in the section you’re choosing to focus on today (you scored at or above 32 on your first practice test), I’d encourage you to use one of the following guides for your study instead of the other guides: How to Get 36 on ACT Math: 8 Strategies by a Perfect Scorer How to Get 36 on ACT Reading: Strategies from a Perfect Scorer How to Get 36 on ACT English: 9 Strategies from a Perfect Scorer The Hardest ACT Science Questions and Strategies to Solve Them Take and Review a Practice Section- 2 Hours For the section you’ve chosen, sit for a 35-minute to 1-hour practice section (varies by section). Use the corresponding section from the same test (Red Book test #1) you did a section from yesterday, so you can save your complete practice tests for use later on. After you’ve taken the section, review using the steps outlined in our other guide. Day 4: Saturday- 10 Hours Learning Objectives: Complete your strategy learning by studying the remaining two sections that you haven’t covered. Take and review practice sections for each. Learn the Third Section Strategy- 3 Hours Choose between your remaining two sections (English, Math, Reading, or Science), and read all of the articles listed above for that section. As I said above, if you’re doing extremely well in the section you’re choosing to focus on today (you scored at or above 32 on your first practice test), I’d encourage you to use one of the following guides for your studyinstead of the other guides: How to Get 36 on ACT Math: 8 Strategies by a Perfect Scorer How to Get 36 on ACT Reading: Strategies from a Perfect Scorer How to Get 36 on ACT English: 9 Strategies from a Perfect Scorer The Hardest ACT Science Questions and Strategies to Solve Them Take and Review a Practice Section- 2 Hours Take a 35-minute to 1-hour practice section with realistic testing conditions. Again, use the corresponding section from the same test you did a section from yesterday and the day before (Red Book test #1). Conserve your full-length practice tests for later in the week. Again, review using the steps outlined in our other guide. Learn the Final Section Strategy- 3 Hours Whatever remaining section you haven’t covered (English, Math, Reading, or Science), and read all of the articles listed above for that section. As I said above, if you’ve scored high in that section (at or above 32 on your first practice test), use one of the following articles for your studyinstead of the other guides: How to Get 36 on ACT Math: 8 Strategies by a Perfect Scorer How to Get 36 on ACT Reading: Strategies from a Perfect Scorer How to Get 36 on ACT English: 9 Strategies from a Perfect Scorer The Hardest ACT Science Questions and Strategies to Solve Them Take and Review a Practice Section- 2 Hours Take a 35-minute to 1-hour practice section with realistic testing conditions. Again, use the corresponding section from the same test you did a section from yesterday and the day before (Red Book test #1). Conserve your full-length practice tests for later in the week.Again, review using the steps outlined in our other guide. You’ve now completed a second entire practice test (broken up over a few days).Compare your second test scores to your scores from your first test. Where did you improve? Where did you make the same mistakes? If you have time, go back and re-read the appropriate articles to help you learn from your mistakes (for example, if you got a few ACT Math Triangle questions wrong, make sure to reviewthat article). Day 5: Sunday- 10 Hours Learning Objectives: Complete your second practice test, review, and determine where you still need improvement. Take Your Second Full-Length Practice Test- 3 Hours and 45 Minutes Make sure to use a new (not partially used) full-length practice test from the ACT Red Book or these free ACT PDFs. If you have the Red Book, use test #2.As you did for the first test, copy the real testing conditions. Review and Analyze Your Second Practice Test- 2 Hours As always, review your answers and your mistakes. Take the time to compare the results to your other tests. Did you improve? In which areas are you still struggling? Topic Refresher- 4 Hours Go back to the articles listed above and re-read those for the topics withwhich you’re still struggling.Create flashcards if you need more help learning grammar rules or math formulas and test yourself with them. If you’re close to mastering all of the sections (scoring at or above a 32),and you haven’t read the below guides yet, checkthem out now: The 21 Hardest ACT Math Questions Ever The Hardest ACT Reading Questions Ever The Hardest ACT Science Questions and Strategies to Solve Them The Most Common Mistakes You Make on ACT English Day 6-10: Monday-Friday- 5 Hours Per Day Learning Objectives: Take and review a practice test each day. If you have the Red Book, use test #3 on Monday, then use the free ACT PDFs for Tuesday-Friday.Keep using the real testing conditions. Spend three hours taking the practice test (without the essay) As always, do detailed reviews using our other guide. Spend about two hours reviewing and referring back to our other articles listed above if you’re not seeing improvement in certain areas. Your race is over! Day : Saturday- 0 Hours It’s ACT test day! Go to bed early the night before, so you get a full eight hours. Pack your test ticket, calculator, pencils, erasers, extra batteries, snacks, water, etc. the night before, so you’re not rushing to find it all in the morning. Set your alarm for at least an hour before you need to leave for your testing center. That’ll give you time to eat a big breakfast and wake up. Read a newspaper article or chapter from a novel to get your brain going. Relax! You’re going to do great! What’s Next? Not sure where you want to go to college? We willhelp you do college research the right way. Do you know where you want to go to college? Figure out what ACT score will give you the best chance of admission. Trying to figure how you will afford college? Check outour complete guide to paying for college. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points?We have the industry's leading ACT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and ACT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Business Intelligence HW Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Intelligence HW - Research Paper Example CIOs use BI to classify unproductive business processes that are ready for re-engineering. With today’s BI tools, business individuals can take the plunge and start analyzing data themselves, rather than wait for IT department to run multipart reports. You need to set up your mental picture for your business intelligence strategy before you bring the aspect of technology into the discussion. Here is how effective BI strategy is put into action: Choose a C-level sponsor: Business intelligence implementations should not be sponsored by anyone in IT. As an alternative, BI should be sponsored by an executive who has an upshot duty; has a big image of the enterprise goals, objectives and strategy; and knows how to interpret the company mission into key performance indicators that will prop up that mission. Similarly, without common definitions, a BI accomplishment cannot thrive. In addition, lack of accord is a prevalent dilemma in companies today. Furthermore, you should examine t he in progress business intelligence mass and processes and organizational structures adjoining present BI implementations. Creating a plan for storage is also of very crucial importance for BI to be successful. The three broad classes of users of BI are strategic, operational and tactical. Strategic involves making view decision like closing down operations in china or Europe. Tactical users make many decisions a week, and use both cumulative and detail-level information, and liable to require rationalized information daily. Operational users are the innovative employees, such as call center staff. Another process for making BI strategy successful involves making your mind up on whether to buy or manufacture the systematic data model. Enterprises that are more complex may benefit from customization, even though you may still want to think about opening with an industry-standard sculpt as a pattern or a set of guides. IT is very important to consider all business BI components, as t hey are many in numbers,  therefore it is important to be sure that they describe the architecture for all layers of the BI heap; even if they may not be part of the BI strategy itself, they will shape the achievement of completion (Daniel, 2007). Knowledge management vs. BI: KM is an intentional, orderly business optimization strategy that organizes, first-rate, distills stores, put together, and communicates information indispensable to the business of a company in a way that progress corporate competitiveness and employee performance. On the other hand, BI is a system or systems that provide unswerving background facts and coverage tools to maintain and advance the decision-making process.  BI and KM are, to some extent, the same but the only thing that tells apart KM form BI are that KM creates new knowledge and helps in knowledge dispersion whereas BI has no equivalent action to these two. The future of these areas is still vague; however, there are quite a few companies up -and-coming to provide services for both business intelligence and knowledge management. Business intelligence firms, such as The Center for Business Intelligence, Micro strategy, and SAP; advertise their services as decision support for managerial decision makers.  Ã‚  These businesses sell and apply software that captures data, maneuvers it into handy information and apply the information to answer detailed questions, show trends, generate reports

Brand Aston Martin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brand Aston Martin - Essay Example Commonly, brands in all markets are evaluated by referring to their attributes. These attributes can be classified into two main categories: symbolic and functional (Sinkovics & Ghauri, 2009, p.186). Symbolic attributes refer to the intangible benefits that a brand can offer to consumers; for example, a mobile phone of a particular brand can be related to a specific social status of the owner. Functional attributes refer to technical/ practical benefits of a brand, meaning the functional benefits that a brand can offer to consumers (Sinkovics & Ghauri, 2009, p.186); the increased functionality of a mobile phone of a brand compared to the similar device of another brand is a common example of functional attribute (Sinkovics & Ghauri, 2009, p.186). Emotional attributes have also become an important category of brand attributes. Emotional attributes reflect ‘the feelings of consumers about a retail brand’ (Floor 2006, p.222). These feelings can be influenced by the function al attributes of the brand (Floor 2006, p.222); still, emotional attributes are depended on all aspects of a brand, as included in the brand personality. Functional, emotional and symbolic attributes are often used for describing a brand’s personality (Floor 2006, p.222). The functional and emotional attributes of brand Aston Martin can be characterized as quite significant. These attributes could be described as follows: in terms of their performance, Aston Martin cars have been classified as of exceptional value.

Legacy Carriers Airlines and Future Challenges Research Paper

Legacy Carriers Airlines and Future Challenges - Research Paper Example The operating expenses have been increasing significantly in the period of analysis for the legacy carriers while the revenue generating capacities have not been sufficient to cope up with them. .Most legacy carriers face significant losses in 2008 while the low cost carriers operate profitably except those in Asia. Passenger preferences also favour the low cost carriers. The study recommends the need for a relook on the business and marketing strategies of the free service airlines to compete with the low cost carriers. However the success of low cost carriers cannot be considered to be everlasting and cannot be considered as the success of a business model. The legacy carriers still form an integral part of the aviation industry. With the wave of liberalization and deregulation in the 1980s, airline industry has also undergone deregulation. Since the 1970s, there was tight regulation and rising hyper competition. The two main features of the regulated era were tacit collusion and avoiding head on competition (D’Aveni, 1995; Jarach, 2004).With the wave of deregulation, low cost carriers emerged as the new category attracting huge customers creating big challenge to the traditional full service legacy carriers. Traditional carries have found out difficult to compete with these low cost carriers in the deregulated era. It was argued that the tight regulatory practices in the airline industry might have led to many economic inefficiencies. This in turn had resulted in achieving low cost air transportation to public which was one of the core objectives of air transport policies. Hence deregulation wave started in the industry to improve efficiency and reduce airfares through rise in competition, air networks rationalization and airline governance enhancement (Gonenc and Nicoletti, 2001). Â  

Research proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Proposal Example Gulf areas in general, and Saudi Arabia in particular, are oil rich regions with the economy being driven by the large oil producing organizations. The required financial support for the SMEs, in order to strengthen their capability to further contribute towards the progress of Saudi Arabia’s economy, is however somewhat lacking. This is despite the fact that SMEs have evidently exhibited great developmental potential. The current research aims to determine the role that SMEs play in the development of Saudi Arabia; as well as to identify any governmental and other business organizations’ support provided towards sustaining continued operations and growth of SMEs in the region. This paper be presented with a brief overview of studies and researches previously conducted on the subject through a literature review of SMEs, in general; the financial support of the government for SMEs in Saudi Arabia; and the role that SMEs play towards the development of the country. The ne xt section would focus on the research questions and methodology, which would identify the required method which would achieve responding to the main concerns identified within the discourse. Likewise, any limitation to the study would be presented; prior to delving into the ethical considerations, as required. Finally, the time scales which detail the tasks and time frames for the specific research portions would be detailed in the last section. 2.0 Literature Review There have been several studies conducted on the subject that aimed to determine the role of SMEs, in general; and SMEs within the Saudi Arabia region. Their definitions would be explored, including financial support and development role in the economy of Saudi Arabia. 2.1 Small and Medium Enterprises Though SMEs exist all over the world and in large numbers, there is still no concrete definition for SMEs due to various practical reasons. Fu (2011) suggested that defining SMEs differs from country to country and are ba sed upon different variables such as number of employees, revenue, nature of trade etc. (Fu, 2011). Normally, the number of employees for SMEs are defined at less than or equal to fifty for relatively small organizations whereas for medium organizations, the upper limit of number of employees is normally between 100 to 250 (Capitas, 2013). Thus, SMEs were clearly classified according to the number of employees, as well as the amount of sales revenues generated within a stipulated time frame. Within Saudi Arabia, various organizations define SMEs according to different criteria and are followed by different organizations. There are two important criteria used in defining SMEs within Saudi Arabia. One criteria followed by the SME Development Center is to have less than or equal to 20 employees for small organizations and 21-100 employees for medium organizations. However, Shalaby (2004) concentrated on suggesting that different criterion is being followed by Saudi Industrial Developme nt Fun, and it defines SMEs based upon the revenue criteria

Critique of Quantitative Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critique of Quantitative Research - Essay Example However, the authors of this article have not given a statistic of what others have done on the same study. It is however important to note that the investigators have provided sense in their research since the organization of the research study is such that there is a research question, followed by how the study was conducted and the results. The investigators have also reinforced sense in their study by using scientific method relate variables to the outcome. The investigators in this research article have clearly stated that there are problem of fall prevention among elderly adults in nursing home settings. However, the investigators have not given a comprehensive statistics to validate the existence of the problem. For instance, when the investigators states that 1.6 million residents fall each year, it is important to state how many of these are elderly (Gray-Miceli et al, 2010). It is also important to note that the authors have not clearly stated the limitations of the current fall prevention strategies for elderly residents. Researchers would have given statistics to show insufficiency of the current based practices, for example statistics showing increasing falls in order to reinforce problem statement and clearly show that current best practices for fall prevention are not effective. Research questions for this have not been clearly stated by the investigators. Research question is important since it outlines what the researcher wants to find answers to. The investigators have merely stated the purpose and outlined the problem but have not clearly stated research question. However, the researchers have listed a number of variables but have failed to relate the variables to research question. Nevertheless, the study in this article is very important since it provides a turning point nursing practice especially in caring for the elderly adults. This is because the findings in this study are important in improving evidence

Research proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Proposal Example Gulf areas in general, and Saudi Arabia in particular, are oil rich regions with the economy being driven by the large oil producing organizations. The required financial support for the SMEs, in order to strengthen their capability to further contribute towards the progress of Saudi Arabia’s economy, is however somewhat lacking. This is despite the fact that SMEs have evidently exhibited great developmental potential. The current research aims to determine the role that SMEs play in the development of Saudi Arabia; as well as to identify any governmental and other business organizations’ support provided towards sustaining continued operations and growth of SMEs in the region. This paper be presented with a brief overview of studies and researches previously conducted on the subject through a literature review of SMEs, in general; the financial support of the government for SMEs in Saudi Arabia; and the role that SMEs play towards the development of the country. The ne xt section would focus on the research questions and methodology, which would identify the required method which would achieve responding to the main concerns identified within the discourse. Likewise, any limitation to the study would be presented; prior to delving into the ethical considerations, as required. Finally, the time scales which detail the tasks and time frames for the specific research portions would be detailed in the last section. 2.0 Literature Review There have been several studies conducted on the subject that aimed to determine the role of SMEs, in general; and SMEs within the Saudi Arabia region. Their definitions would be explored, including financial support and development role in the economy of Saudi Arabia. 2.1 Small and Medium Enterprises Though SMEs exist all over the world and in large numbers, there is still no concrete definition for SMEs due to various practical reasons. Fu (2011) suggested that defining SMEs differs from country to country and are ba sed upon different variables such as number of employees, revenue, nature of trade etc. (Fu, 2011). Normally, the number of employees for SMEs are defined at less than or equal to fifty for relatively small organizations whereas for medium organizations, the upper limit of number of employees is normally between 100 to 250 (Capitas, 2013). Thus, SMEs were clearly classified according to the number of employees, as well as the amount of sales revenues generated within a stipulated time frame. Within Saudi Arabia, various organizations define SMEs according to different criteria and are followed by different organizations. There are two important criteria used in defining SMEs within Saudi Arabia. One criteria followed by the SME Development Center is to have less than or equal to 20 employees for small organizations and 21-100 employees for medium organizations. However, Shalaby (2004) concentrated on suggesting that different criterion is being followed by Saudi Industrial Developme nt Fun, and it defines SMEs based upon the revenue criteria

A Journal opinion article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Journal opinion article - Essay Example e report is erroneous although there is no reason to harp on this issue since the myth about the flourishing economic situation of America has disappeared since the days of the sub prime crisis. The other question that requires analysis is whether the foundation of this data is indisputable or not. This is because the way in which such data is calculated in the countries of European Union is different. The countries of the western European region have been moving through shaky financial situation for a long time when other problems such as unemployment are added to it. According to an estimate, the poverty situation in the US would have been higher if the method of calculation would have been on the lines of the European nations. However, that would not change the problem of poverty of a country that has always remained the hub of financial excesses. The economists have expressed extreme annoyance on this report that has been released by the President. The statistics of poverty situation might not be promising in the US particularly from the time of recession that gripped the nation with its ugly claws and gradually captured the entire world. However, as the economists have expressed that the data that has been taken into account for calculation is not correct as it has left out some of the most important aspects such as tax credits. When compared with the developing nations such as India or a part of South Eastern Asia, the poverty in the US might not be as bleak as it has been presented in the report. Poverty is necessarily a curse of every economy although it goes alongside irrespective of the situation. As a matter of fact, it is difficult to predict the way in which financiers would react to this report; overall the situation would not have much promises for them although the people who are thought to be under the grip of poverty or classified as belonging to the category below the line of poverty. In short, investments in the real estate or stock trading

Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Fast Food Essay The fast food industry has been growing more and more every year. There is a fast food restaurant in every corner. Since fast food is becoming so popular more and more people chose to go to a fast food restaurant daily. Fast food is a continuing growth industry in our country. Fast food restaurants continue to increase their popularity by lowering their prices and providing faster service for their customers. There is a huge competition between fast food restaurants and how they advertise can effect the business. There are many reasons as to why fast food has become so popular. One of the main causes is the simplest of them all, laziness. One of the main causes for the popularity of fast food is advertisement. There are fast food restaurants being advertised of billboards, at some schools, on the internet, and on television. Most fast food advertisements are directed to young people because they are easily persuaded. According to Haugen, young people in America are bombarded with advertising every day. A young person does not usually think of their health or other important factors that could become of eating fast food constantly, they just think that it’s what they want because they saw it on the television. Haugen states, â€Å"Marketers reach them through commercials on television and also through ads in magazines, on billboards, on the internet and even in the bathroom stalls at school† (Haugen 2008). It seems that there is no escape from fast food marketing for children. It is everywhere they turn. It is sad that advertisement companies have found so many ways to get to children to make them want to consume their product because for most of them it results in obesity. One of the most successful advertisement products comes with the kid’s meal, the toy. Many children insist on their parents buying them that meal, from that particular fast food restaurant, because they want the toy that comes with the kid’s meal. Since fast food has become so popular it has resulted in obesity for many children. The children are drawn to the fast food because of the toys that come with the meal and how it is advertised to be more appealing to children. Since the effect of fast food on children has been so drastic many fast food restaurants now have healthy choice kid meals that come with a toy as well. This could be a great alternative to help children eat healthy. Since many people have such demanding schedules they resort to fast food. According to Simplicity of Thinking, the main cause for the current expanding of fast food restaurants is that they fit with the needed speed of living everywhere (SOT 2011). This means that with an individuals busy schedule they do not have enough time to prepare a meal in the morning so they resort to fast food. An example given states that throughout the day an individual may sometimes resort to fast food more than once in order to make their life easier. Fast food makes it possible to eat on the go and live life uninterrupted. According to Think Free, since the popularity of fast food has grown people have become addicted to fast food. Eating fast food develops the habit and addiction to this kind of food (Rokotmivo 2009). the secret recipes of fast food restaurants have hidden components, regardless if they are healthy of not, they are always included in the meal. This is what makes each fast food restaurant distinct from another and makes you want to return to that same one to get that same taste that you have become addicted to. For example, getting a cheeseburger from Burger King will taste different than ordering a cheeseburger from Carls Jr. even if it is ordered with the exact same condiments. This is because of the secret ingredient that each burger has that sets it apart from other fast food restaurants. When people are addicted to fast food they will find natural and typical food less delicious and no longer satisfies their needs. Having fast food be an easy resort to cooking a meal and taking someones time away from them it has caused it to become more popular and has still effected many people in having a poor diet. Fast food is not just convenient it is also inexpensive. According to Food for Thought, a new national study of eating out and income shows that fast food dining has become more popular with lower income families (FFT 2002). Fast food has become more popular with those of lower income families. With the specials and the great deals like the dollar menu it is less expensive than preparing a meal for some families. This results in more people going to fast food restaurants. If some fruit at a grocery store costs a dollar or sometimes maybe more, people would rather go to a fast food restaurant and get something more filling like a cheeseburger off of the dollar menu. With the economy so bad it is easy to see why many people resort to fast food over going to the grocery store. It is not only easier but in some cases it is less expensive. One of the main causes for the popularity of fast food is that people are simply lazy. It is true that many people havve the time and the means to cook a decent meal for themselves or their family but they resort to fast food simply because it is an easy alternative. Why is there a need to cook when it would be faster to just go to a fast food restaurant since there is one at almost every corner and order something. The lazy factor of many people has resulted in obesity. Fast food also makes a persons body want to be less inactive. After eating something from McDonald’s an individual would most likely want to take a nap or just relax and watch a movie. The effect that fast food has on the body is never good, whether its laziness or obesity. In conclusion, the cause of the popularity of fast food is great advertisement, its easy and fast, and people are lazy. The effects of fast food has resulted in it being everywhere, whether its advertised on television, on billboards, or in schools, and found on every corner. Fast food has led to many people being obese and addicted to the unhealthy choices they offer. The more popular fast food has gotten the more fast food restaurants are being built to reach the demands of society. Fast food for some people can rule their lives.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to Assess Bone Density

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to Assess Bone Density INTRODUCTION Implantology has witnessed an explosive growth during the last few years, from a technique practiced on the fringe of acceptability to one embraced by the mainstream dentistry and dental implants have emerged as a widely accepted form of teeth replacement. Implants are bio-acceptable materials with an inherent capacity to osseointegrate into the jaw bone to support a dental prosthesis to restore adequate function and esthetics without affecting adjacent hard and soft tissue structures. The Success of any implant procedure depends on a series of patient related and procedure dependent parameters, which include general health conditions, biocompatibility of the implant material, feature of the implant surface, surgical procedure and the quality and quantity of the local bone1. Careful recording and analysis of clinical and radiological information, interdisciplinary communication and detailed planning play an important role in determining the final successful outcome. Bone density is a key factor to take into account when predicting implant stability2 Clinical studies show greater implant survival in the mandible than in the upper maxilla, due to the bone characteristics. This survival is influenced by bone quality i.e. bone density2 .The bone density is an important determining factor in implant treatment and can be assessed fairly using different imaging techniques3. The quality of bone in the proposed implant site in terms of relative proportion and density of cortical and medullary bone has frequently been assessed by using a grading scheme proposed by Lekholm and Zarb, which is applicable only to cross sectional images. This classification system has been utilized worldwide because it is easy to use without considerable investment. Misch (2008) used computed tomography (CT) to objectively classify bone density into 5 types based on Hounsfield units (HU). This method allows for a precise and objective assessment of bone quality2 Several imaging techniques are currently available for presurgical and postsurgical examination, including devices developed specifically for dental implant imaging. Computerized tomograms are one of the best available radiographs for determining the bone quality. With the advancement of radiographic technology, computed tomography (CT), as well as cone- beam computed tomography (CBCT) are increasingly being considered essential for optimal implant placement , especially in the case of complex reconstructions4 Unlike conventional two-dimensional  radiographs, techniques like CBCT offer 3-D views of the mouth, face, and jaw from any direction. The cone beam configuration is ideal for the maxillofacial region because the dimensions of the beam allow for a panoramic view, sparing patients the radiation exposure of separate scans of the maxilla and mandible5.The overall advantages of CBCT are in its high resolution, potentially lower radiation dose and reduced cost compared with standa rd Computerized Tomography2 The past two decades have seen continual efforts by manufacturers, researchers and clinicians to improve the success of implant treatment outcomes through evolution in implant designs, materials and clinical procedures6. One such aspect is co-relation of available bone density with primary implant stability. Primary implant stability denotes the stability of a dental implant immediately after placement. Implant stability can be evaluated objectively, noninvasively, and easily by the insertion torque test.7 The insertion torque measurement technique, which records the torque after the implant has been placed, provides information on the local bone quality8. A High initial stability may be an indication for immediate loading with prosthetic reconstruction. A low primary stability following implantation, can cause the implants mobility leading to failure. Bone density and implant stability are important factors for implant osseointegration, and has been widely demonstrated by several au thors3. The insertion torque measurement technique, which records the torque during implant placement, provides information on the local bone quality.1 A number of studies have shown the relationship between bone density based on CT and primary implant stability 9,10. However, there are few studies about the relationship between bone density estimated by CBCT and primary implant stability. The possibility of predicting the primary implant stability and bone quality during the pre-surgical assessment of the implant placement site may produce an implant treatment protocol with higher predictability. The bone density and Implant stability can be evaluated using CBCT and the insertion torque test which records the torque during implant placement and provides information of the local bone quality6, 8. Keeping in mind the aforesaid goals the present study was designed to compare and evaluate the relationship between the bone density estimated by CBCT and the primary implant stability of t he dental implants by measurements of the insertion torque and to determine their correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty out- patients with missing single/ multiple teeth who visited the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore and who were suitable for implant rehabilitation were considered and taken up for the study. Patients with uncontrolled systemic/ psychiatric illness, previous history of undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy, pregnant patients, cases of post implant removal and implants placed in sinus lift and immediate extraction sites were excluded from the study. pre-operative assessment: Patients selected based upon the above criteria underwent a thorough clinical examination, and the details were recorded using custom-made case proforma. A written informed consent was obtained from all patients and a standardized pre-surgical and surgical protocol was followed for all the patients. Pre-operative bone density of implant sites were evaluated using cone beam computerized tomographic scans. Bone density measurements were derived using 3DiagnoSys version 4.1 Software (3DIEMME Bio imaging Technologies). 3Diagnosys ® is a diagnostic imaging, analyses and 3D simulation software, tailored for the Clinician. 3Diagnosys ® software helps to interact with the 3D-model of the Patient, which is obtained by importing TC/CBCT/RM images in DICOM format, in a simple and intuitive way. The tools included in this software are not bound to morphological reconstructions but are also able to extract from the DICOM data the densitometric values for a bone funct ional evaluation.)Pre-operative evaluation of bone height and bone width was done using Cone Beam Computed Tomographic scan and appropriate implants were selected to be placed. The bone height and width measurements were achieved using the â€Å"Carestream Dental Imaging Software v6.13.3.3 CS imaging software†(Fov-15x9cm)† .All CBCT scans were obtained using the â€Å"KODAK 9500machine† (10ma 90 Kvp, 200 micron resolution, 10.9sec exposure, 605mgy per cm2). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 16.0 software (SPSS Inc., Tokyo,Japan). Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rs) was calculated to evaluate the correlation among density values and insertion torques. A value of P RESULTS The density value ranged from 209.91 to 667.13Hu. The mean density value and insertion torque of all implants were 464.69 + 135.74 Hu and 49.0 + 8.20 respectively. There was highly significant correlation between bone density and insertion torque (rs 0.89, P DISCUSSION Over the last decade, there has been significant changes in reconstruction with dental implants. Rather than merely focusing on the tooth or teeth to be replaced, today’s implant practitioner considers a broad and complex set of interwoven factors before formulating an implant treatment plan4. Proper treatment planning comprises of pre – operative depiction and quantification of accurate bone height and contour which can be established by radiographic examination.11 The success of dental implants relies heavily on both the quality and the quantity of available bone for implant placement3. Studies have shown higher failure rates for implants placed in bone of poor quality and quantity.3 Bone density is a key factor to take into account when predicting implant stability2 Clinical studies show greater implant survival in the mandible than in the upper maxilla, due to the bone characteristics. This survival is influenced by bone quality i.e. bone density2 The bone density is an important determining factor in implant treatment and can be assessed fairly using different imaging techniques5. The quality of bone in the proposed implant site in terms of relative proportion and density of cortical and medullary bone has frequently been assessed by using a grading scheme proposed by Lekholm and Zarb, which is applicable only to cross sectional images. This classification system has been utilized worldwide because it is easy to use without considerable investment. Misch (2008) used computed tomography (CT) to objectively classify bone density into 5 types based on Hounsfield units (HU). This method allows for a precise and objective assessment of bone quality3 Several imaging techniques are currently available for presurgical and postsurgical examination, including devices developed specifically for dental implant imaging.12 They are used to visualize the internal anatomy of the jaws in 3-dimensional perspectives, including the proximity of  nasal fossae, neurovascular bundles, pneumatization of the maxillae, soft tissue morphology and bone quality. Computerized tomograms are one of the best available radiographs for determining the bone quality. Periapical and panoramic radiographs are the least viable options as the subtle changes between the different bone types can’t be quantified using them, also the lateral cortical plates tend to obscure the trabecular density . With the advancement of radiographic technology, computed tomography (CT), as well as cone- beam computed tomography (CBCT) are increasingly being considered essential for optimal implant placement , especially in the case of complex reconstructions 13. Unlike conve ntional two-dimensional radiographs, techniques like CBCT offer 3-D views of the mouth, face, and jaw from any direction.1 The cone beam configuration is ideal for the maxillofacial region because the dimensions of the beam allow for a panoramic view, sparing patients the radiation exposure of separate scans of the maxilla and mandible14. The overall advantages of CBCT are in its high resolution, potentially lower radiation dose and reduced cost compared with standard Computerized Tomography15 The past two decades have seen continual efforts by manufacturers, researchers and clinicians to improve the success of implant treatment outcomes through evolution in implant designs, materials and clinical procedures2. One such aspect is co-relation of available bone density with primary implant stability. Primary implant stability refers to the stability of a dental implant immediately after implantation. Implant stability can be evaluated objectively, noninvasively, and easily by the insertion torque test.16 The insertion torque measurement technique, which records the torque after the implant has been placed, provides information on the local bone quality. High initial stabilization may be an indication for immediate loading with prosthetic reconstruction. If primary stability is not high enough following implantation, the implants mobility is high and can cause failure. A number of devices and techniques have been developed to assess implant stability, including cutting torque resistance analysis, the reverse torque test, the insertion torque test, the mobility measurement test, and resonance frequency (RF) analysis2. Implant stability can be evaluated objectively, noninvasively, and easily by the insertion torque test and RF analysis.17 The insertion torque measurement technique, which records the torque during implant placement, provides information on the local bone quality1. A number of studies have shown the relationship between bone density based on CT and primary implant stability .9,10However, there are few studies about the relationship between bone density estimated by CBCT and primary implant stability.In a study conducted by Isoda k et al; The bone quality evaluated by specific CBCT showed a high correlation with the primary stability of the implants.8 CBCT is one of the significant imaging modalities that can be used to assess the relat ionship between primary implant stability and bone density which can further give an insight into the prognosis of the implant treatment. Implant stability can be evaluated objectively, non-invasively and easily by using the insertion torque test which records the torque during implant placement and provides information of the local bone quality 1. Keeping in mind the aforesaid goals the present study was designed to compare and evaluate the relationship between the bone density estimated by CBCT and the primary implant stability of the dental implants by measurements of the insertion torque. It also aims to determine the correlation between bone density and primary stability of implant by insertion torque value. In all cases Implants were placed under local anesthesia. Different implant systems were used and all were root form implants. Surgical preparation and isolation of surgical field was accomplished according to standard operative protocols. A Crestal incision was placed and Mucoperiosteal flap was reflected and alveolar bone was exposed, and the implant placement site was identified by the marking made with the aid of the surgical probe. Osteotomy site preparation was done with a Reduction gear hand piece (1:16/64) with an external Irrigation attached to the handpiece. Implant osteotomy was performed using standard sequential drill bits as per the dimensions of the implant. The osteotomy was proceeded till the desired depth as per the selected implants. The Implant was driven into the osteotomy site using the manual torque wrench till the final depth was reached. All Implants placed were of tapered design and their lengths ranging from 8 to 16 mm and diameters from 3-5 mm. After placi ng the implant, the implant stability was measured manually using the insertion torque test by a torque wrench with calibrations .The insertion torque reading was measured and recorded at the maximum torque resistance achieved. The cover screw over the implant was then placed and Flap closure was done. Post-operative OPG and IOPA was taken. Routine Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs were prescribed along with oral hygiene maintenance instructions. Patients were recalled for regular follow ups. Permanent prosthesis was given after 3 months. SUMMARY CONCLUSION The study assessed the bone quality with density values obtained by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) pre-operatively and determined their correlation with the insertion torque values recorded during the Implant placement procedure.From the observations and results obtained ,We can conclude that, the present study demonstrates the relationship between the bone density values derived from Cone Beam computerized tomography (Hu), located in the maxilla and mandible , and bone quality according to the Lekholm Zarb classification. The primary implant stability measured with the insertion torque test (ITV) depends on bone density values, bone quality and implant location. Implants Placed in location with higher bone density have more stability, and we can probably predict the implant insertion torque based on the bone density values (Hu) and the implant location. Finally, with higher bone density values (Hu) and higher primary implant stability measured in ITV values; Hounsfield units can be used as a diagnostic parameter to predict possible implant stability. The results of our study indicate that CBCT can be used to assess the bone quality. Also attaining a good insertion torque and thereby enhancing the implant stability aids successful osseointegration and prosthetic rehabilitation. Hence CBCT can be used as a predictor diagnostic tool for implant success. We suggest that a larger number of patients with a larger follow up might help a conclusive determining factor that pre-operative CBCT is a predictor for primary implant stability.

My Experience with Computers :: Personal Narrative Writing

My Experience with Computers I remember walking single file to the computer Lab. It was a room that was completely new to my whole fifth grade class. What did it look like inside? Did we all really get to play on these machines? I had never even typed on a computer before. This was fifth grade and my computer experience was, well, let's just say lacking. Learning to use these computers was a great experience for me. I was pretty scared but I learned how to play a lot of games and the teachers were very kind and helpful. Computers were a thing of the future, and more and more kids needed to learn how to use them. This was the case at our school. They thought it was time to conquer our fear, they were no longer valued as precious treasures that were only available to those over the age of eighteen. I had seen computers before but had never learned how to use them because I was never allowed, my mother always looked at me as an accident waiting to happen when it came to expensive things. Now that I am in college, I must say that I have gained some knowledge in this area, though I wouldn't consider myself an expert. I use my computer now for typing papers to turn in for school, using America Online to talk to friends, and downloading music to burn CD's. In sixth grade I moved from a poor public elementary school to a wealthy middle school. This meant I went from sharing fifteen computers with the whole school of five different grades, to having my very own computer in each individual class, teachers in the classes learned my name and my strengths and weaknesses when it came to these machines. I was terrible at typing but was awesome at just about any game you could put in front of me. I believe this also helped me gain experience. Having more access to these computers and I didn't have to bother waiting in line anymore, I wanted to participate because I had more of an opportunity to do so. I began to play around with games like "The Oregon Trail" and programs like "Microsoft Word" which helped me learn the proper technique to typing. I got my first computer from a friend of my mom's.

All Good Things Must Come to an End Essay

The amazing thing about literature is that it can be interrupted differently by each person who reads it. Which means that while one piece of writing is amazing, creative, and witty to one person to another person it could be the most boring, uninteresting, and redundant piece of literature they have ever read. In this semester of Literature 221, I was given the opportunity to read works from many different genres, time periods, and styles of writing. Some of which, like Emily Dickinson’s Life I and Life XLIII, Joyce Carol Oates’ Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?, and Sherman Alexie’s What You Pawn I Will Redeem I thoroughly enjoyed and learned from. While others such as Ernest Hemingway’s Big Two-Hearted River, Mark Twain’s excerpt When The Buffalo Climbed a Tree from Roughing It, and the excerpt from Sula by Toni Morrison weren’t exactly my cup of tea. Emily Dickinson is a remarkable poet who often writes from a very emotional and self-examining perspective. This is why I really enjoyed the two selections of her work we had to read this semester. In her first poem Life I, the very first two lines make you stop and think, â€Å"I’M nobody! Who are you? Are you nobody, too?† (Dickinson 2) Bam! I was hit in the face with self-reflection. Am I somebody? Or am I a nobody? Emily Dickinson continues by saying â€Å"how dreary to be somebody!† (Dickinson2 ) as if to be somebody is a bad thing. I love that Emily Dickinson questions the ideology of having to be surrounded by people and having to constantly be in a spotlight. Every move that you make is questioned and examined by people. Instead of being able to live for yourself and for your own happiness you are forced to live by the way society sees you. It made me see that maybe it truly is better to be a happy, content nobody. In her poem Life XLIII, Dickinson again made me pause and self-reflect but this time on the beauty of the human mind and it’s capabilities. In this poem she states that the brain is â€Å"wider than the  sky†, â€Å"deeper than the sea†, and â€Å"is just the weight of God† (Dickinson 3). The sky, the sea, and God. Three powerful, endless, and even omnipotent to the human eye and yet the brain is more than that because it has the capability to imagine all of it. You can hold images of God, the sea, and God all in your mind. Dickson wrote these poems with such beautiful imagery that really does make a reader stop and think. This is why her works are among my favorite reads from this semester. Joyce Carol Oates brought a real life serial killer to life in her tale Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Based off the actual murders of Charles Howard Schmid Jr., Oates tells the story of Arnold Friend and a young girl named Connie and the events that would eventually lead up to Connie’s murder. I loved this tale because Oates gave a real voice to the real life victims of Schmid. While an article by the Daily News stated that, â€Å"Despite his creepiness, ladies loved Smitty† (citation here news article) in Oates’ tale it was made evident that Connie wanted nothing to do with Friend and instead she tried to call the cops and even told him to â€Å"Get the hell out of here!† (Oates 340) When I read a tragic news article I will feel sorrow for the victim and their families for a moment and then go on with my life and forget about them. Yet when I read a piece of work that captures my soul and really moves me to feel emotionally about a character as if they were a real person, I can recall them for years afterwards. Oates’ made me feel for Connie because she gave her a background of a beautiful girl with a mother who disapproved of all she did and constantly compared her to her more homely sister, June. â€Å"Why don’t you keep your room clean like your sister? How’ve you got your hair ?xed—what the hell stinks? Hair spray? You don’t see your sister using that junk.† (Oates 333) A girl that may have been desperate for love and attention. Suddenly, in my mind, Oates’ has not only weaved a haunting tale of young, naive girl who made mistakes and talked to the wrong stranger on the wrong day but she also made me feel for the real life victims of Schmid. Suddenly they became more than just names on a page and their names, Alleen Rowe, Gretchen and Wendy Fritz, will foreve r be in my mind and probably countless others who have read her work and know who it was based on. While Oates’ is a talented writer and her words were beautifully written the reason her piece stands out as one of my  favorites of this semester were for the deeper meaning and the legacy she left for the victims of a cruel, sick, twisted man. A reader cannot help but root for a character who has redeemable qualities despite whatever odd, crude, or socially unacceptable behavior they may exhibit. Such is the case in my final favorite piece of writing from this semester, Sherman Alexie’s What You Pawn I Will Redeem. In this tale of a homeless, alcoholic, money floundering Spokane, Washington Native American Indian named Jackson Jackson, a reader cannot help but fall in love with his spirit of never-ending generosity and unbreakable ties with tradition and family. Alexie’s particular style of writing gave light to Jackson’s seemingly uncaring, lazy, and unapologetically unmotivated he attitude in a way that a reader cannot help but find just a little bit comical. It is written in first person from the rambling mind of Jackson and lines such as â€Å"Piece by piece, I disappeared. And I’ve been disappearing ever since. But I’m not going to tell you any more about my brain or my soul† (citation here page 401) made me laugh out lou01d at the standoffish behavior of this character. Jackson was unable to maintain a job, any of his marriages, or his relationships with his children. In fact, the only thing he did seem capable of maintaining was a constant drunken stupor throughout the entire tale. Yet when he came upon his Grandmother’s stolen regalia at a local pawn shop he was determined to find a way to raise the $999 needed to rebuy this long lost family heirloom and return it to its rightful place. Each time he managed to earn or was gifted money for his mission he could not help but immediately spend it. However he was never selfish with his spending. He made sure that whatever he was given he shared with his fellow Indian. Never even coming close to making the necessary money to buy it make but still I found myself cheering him on. Because of his generosity, I was rooting for him to find a way to purchase back that precious connection to his family. And in the end, despite never actually managing to acquire the necessary cash, the pawn owner returned the regalia to Jackson, and I inwardly rejoicing in his success. And Alexie captured the moral for me in this thought, â€Å"Do you know how many good men live in this world? Too many to count!† (Alexie 415) A lexie challenged the stereotypes of a good person because he showed that even a drunken person who is unsuccessful in every  societal standard can be a good person because he is a kind, generous soul. This is the reason why this is another of my favorites from this semester’s readings. When thinking of a literary legend a name like Ernest Hemingway often comes to mind, yet in this semester’s reading of Big Two-Hearted River, Mr. Hemingway missed the mark for me. While I appreciate the concept of a post-war soldier suffering from PTSD, I had a hard time really getting into this piece. Hemingway’s commonly used iceberg principle style of writing was apparent in this piece with its overall lack of a substantial plot and its seemingly never-ending descriptions of just about everything. It is just not a style that appealed to me as a reader. I found it boring and extremely long. The symbolism was often obscured by the unnecessary descriptions of the surrounding scenery. â€Å"On the left, where the meadow ended and the woods began, a great elm tree was uprooted. Gone over in a storm, it lay back into the woods, its roots clotted with dirt, grass growing in them, rising a solid bank beside the stream. The river cut to the edge of the uprooted tree.† (Hemingway 262) It just seemed excessive and unneeded to me. While this is definitely one of my least favorite of this semester’s readings, I have to say that Hemingway was a beautiful wordsmith who could make you feel as though you were part of the story. In this sentence, â€Å"He sat on the logs, smoking, drying in the sun, the sun warm on his back, the river shallow ahead entering the woods, curving into the woods, shallows, light glittering, big water-smooth rocks, cedars along the bank and white birches, the logs warm in the sun, smooth to sit on, without bark, gray to the touch; slowly the feeling of disappointment left him† (Hemingway 262) you can practically feel the heat of the sun on your back and the relief that Nick feels as if a burden was lifted from your own chest. This story had some beautiful imagery overall though it was just not a tale I enjoyed reading. Mark Twain is an inspirational writer with amazing talent and has written some remarkable classics. However, the excerpt from Roughing It When the Buffalo Climbed a Tree, will not be joining my list of his beloved masterpieces. Instead I found this fictional account tedious to read and found myself drifting off to sleep while at the same time trying to  understand the particular vernacular used in this piece. The narrator of the majority of this tale was a character named Bemis whose style of speech was rambling and over-the-top. For example, â€Å"Well, I was first out on his neck – the horse’s, not the bull’s—and then underneath, and next on his rump, and sometimes head up, and sometimes heels—but I tell you it seemed solemn and awful to be ripping and tearing and carrying on so in the presence of death, as you might say.† (Twain 16) I can just imagine Bemis being this rambling, fool telling this ridiculous story with no ending in sight. It was just exhausting and mindless drivel that did not succeed in making me think about anything substantial or self-reflect which are qualities I rather enjoy when reading. I understand that according to Mark Twain, â€Å"to string incongruities and absurdities together in a wandering and sometimes purposeless way, and seem innocently unaware that they absurdities, is the basis of American art†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Twain 13) and he accomplished that task beautifully. Nevertheless, it is just not a style that appealed to me and I struggled to enjoy reading this story. This semester was my first time reading any of Toni Morrison’s works. The excerpt from Sula was all of over the map for me. I had a hard time deciphering any real plot. It started off with two 12 years old girls walking through town and getting objectified by the men in the town. And if it wasn’t bad enough that two young girls were being gawked at by grown men, the girls actually seemed to enjoy it. â€Å"So, when he said â€Å"pig meat† as Nel and Sula passed, they guarded their eyes lest someone see their delight.† (Morrison 346) That line made my skin crawl with utter disgust. Then suddenly the girls are playing near a lake when a young boy named Chicken Little ends up drowning before their very eyes and their only reaction was â€Å"Nel spoke ?rst. ‘Somebody saw.’† (Morrison 351) I had a hard time reading a story about such loss of innocence at such a young age. Morrison’s writing was beautiful and captivating. The only reas on this makes my least favorites list from this semester was I just genuinely felt sick the entire I was reading it. Completely horrified by these young girls lives and saddened by the fact that many girls’ lives of this time period were like this. This semester of Literature 221 was full of amazing pieces of writing. Tales  that completely delighted, inspired, and captured my heart like those from Emily Dickinson, Joyce Carol Oates, and Sherman Alexie. As well as others who, for me, just did none of those things such as those from Ernest Hemingway, Mark Twain, and Toni Morrison. Overall I really enjoyed this class. I felt as though most of the forums gave me the opportunity to share my thoughts on each piece as well as opened my eyes to different perspectives. If I could give any constructive criticism it would be that sometimes I felt as if I could not quite meet expectations in the essay requirements because I felt as though they were not clearly stated. Other than that, I thoroughly enjoyed this class and I feel as though I learned a lot. It definitely has made me look forward to taking other literature classes in the future. Works Cited Alexie, Sherman. â€Å"What You Pawn I Will Redeem† American Literature Since the Civil War. Create edition. McGraw-Hill, 2011. 401-415. e-Book. Works Cited Dickinson, Emily. â€Å"Life I & XLIII American Literature Since the Civil War. Create edition. McGraw-Hill, 2011. 2-3. e-Book. Hemingway, Ernest. â€Å"Big Two Hearted River.† American Literature Since the Civil War. Create edition. McGraw-Hill, 2011. 253-264. E-book. Morrison, Toni. â€Å"From Sula.† American Literature Since the Civil War. Create edition. McGraw-Hill, 2011. 346-354. e-Book. Oates, Joyce Carol. â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† American Literature Since the Civil War. Create edition. McGraw-Hill, 2011. 333-344. e-Book. Twain, Mark. â€Å"From Roughing It. When The Buffalo Climbed a Tree.† American Literature Since the Civil War. Create edition. McGraw-Hill, 2011. 16-18. e-Book. Twain, Mark. â€Å"How To Tell a Story† American Literature Since the Civil W ar. Create edition. McGraw-Hill, 2011. 12-15. e-Book.